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VARIABLE=value # (there must be no spaces around the equals sign) export VARIABLE # for Bourne and related shells export VARIABLE=value # for ksh, bash, and related shells setenv VARIABLE value # for csh and related shells A few simple principles govern how environment variables achieve their effect.
TMPDIR is the canonical environment variable in Unix and POSIX [1] that should be used to specify a temporary directory for scratch space.Most Unix programs will honor this setting and use its value to denote the scratch area for temporary files instead of the common default of /tmp [2] [3] or /var/tmp.
export variable: export var set --export var Options discoverable via tab completion function-local variable: local var by default scope-local variable: no equivalent set --local var remove variable: unset var set --erase var check if a variable exists: test -v var set --query var array initialization: var=( a b c )
Prints environment variables: printf: Formats and prints data pwd: Prints the current working directory: readlink: Displays value of a symbolic link: runcon: Run command with specified security context seq: Prints a sequence of numbers sleep: Delays for a specified amount of time stat: Returns data about an inode: stdbuf: Controls buffering for ...
The keywords, syntax, dynamically scoped variables and other basic features of the language are all copied from sh. Other features, e.g., history , are copied from csh and ksh . The Bash command syntax is a superset of the Bourne shell command syntax.
Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command) [11] from which the Unix pwd command originated. [12] The command is a shell builtin in most Unix shells such as Bourne shell, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh.
env is a shell command for Unix and Unix-like operating systems.It is used to either print a list of environment variables or run another utility in an altered environment without having to modify the currently existing environment.
Similarly, a variable CPPFLAGS exists with switches to be passed to the C or C++ preprocessor. Similarly, FFLAGS enables the addition of switches for a Fortran compiler. These variables are most commonly used to specify optimization or debugging switches to a compiler, as for example -g , -O2 or ( GCC -specific) -march=athlon .