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Some epiphytic lichen species may be used as "ancient woodland indicators"; they can used to quantitatively assess the degree to which a forest has had a long history of canopy continuity. [11] The presence of these species is a reliable indicator that the forest has existed back to early medieval times, without being clear-cut and regrown.
In England this resulted in the first national Ancient Woodland Inventory, produced in the 1980s. Although ancient woodland indicator species can and do occur in post-1600 woodlands and also in non-woodland sites such as hedgerows, it is uncommon for a site which is not ancient woodland to host a double-figure indicator species total. [9]
There is a good variety of vascular plants that are considered to be indicators of undisturbed, ancient woodland. [10] These include Herb Paris ( Paris quadrifolia ), Lily-of-the-valley ( Convallaria majalis ), Ramsons ( Allium ursinum ), Wood Sorrel ( Oxalis acetosella ), Wood Anemone ( ( Anemone nemorosa ), Dog's Mercury ( Mercurialis ...
This woodland is present between 500 feet (150 m) and 1,000 feet (300 m) on the valley-side. Over Eighty-five different types of vascular plant species have been recorded in the area, including thirty-one ancient woodland indicators. As well, it features areas of the valley mire, heathland and acidic grassland.
Puzzlewood (grid reference) is an ancient woodland site and tourist attraction, near Coleford in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The site, covering 14 acres (5.7 ha), shows evidence of open-cast iron ore mining dating from the Roman period, and possibly earlier.
The woodlands of Bedfordshire cover 6.2% of the county. [2] Some two thirds of this (4,990 ha or 12,300 acres) is broad-leaved woodland, principally oak and ash. [3] A Woodland Trust estimate of all ancient woodland in Bedfordshire (dating back to at least the year 1600), including woods of 0.1 ha (0.25 acres) and upward suggests an area of 1,468 ha (3,630 acres). [4]
Dog's Mercury an axiophyte associated with ancient woodlands in the UK. An axiophyte (Greek: "worthy plant") is a plant that is of particular interest to botanists, conservationists and ecologists. The significance of axiophytes is from their strong association with habitats considered to be of high merit for conservation.