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The bathtub curve is a particular shape of a failure rate graph. This graph is used in reliability engineering and deterioration modeling. The 'bathtub' refers to the shape of a line that curves up at both ends, similar in shape to a bathtub. The bathtub curve has 3 regions: The first region has a decreasing failure rate due to early failures.
A well-known model to show the probability of failure of an asset throughout its life is called bathtub curve. This curve is made of three main stages: infant failure, constant failure, and wear out failure. In infrastructure asset management the dominant mode of deterioration is because of aging, traffic, and climatic attribute.
The failure types for integrated circuit (IC) components follow the classic bath tub curve. There is infant mortality, which is decreasing failure rate typically due to manufacturing defects. A low constant failure rate which is random in nature. Wear out failures are increasing failures due to aging semiconductor degradation mechanisms.
In real-world applications, the failure probability of a system usually differs over time; failures occur more frequently in early-life ("burning in"), or as a system ages ("wearing out"). This is known as the bathtub curve, where the middle region is called the "useful life period".
The best place to start is with the failure mode. This is based on the assumption that there is a particular failure mode, or range of modes, that may occur within a product. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the bond test should replicate the mode, or modes of interest. However, exact replication is not always possible.
For example, in an automobile, the failure of the FM radio does not prevent the primary operation of the vehicle. It is recommended to use Mean time to failure (MTTF) instead of MTBF in cases where a system is replaced after a failure ("non-repairable system"), since MTBF denotes time between failures in a system which can be repaired. [1]
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An example is the bathtub curve hazard function, which is large for small values of , decreasing to some minimum, and thereafter increasing again; this can model the property of some mechanical systems to either fail soon after operation, or much later, as the system ages.