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Examples of previous direct communist or socialist party rule in non-socialist multi-party democracies include: Republic of San Marino (Sammarinese Communist Party, 1945–1957, 1978–1990) Indonesia (Socialist Party, 1945–1948) Union of Burma (Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, 1948–1962)
Nepal was previously ruled by the Nepal Communist Party, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) between 1994 and 1998 and then again between 2008 and 2018 while states formerly ruled by one or more communist parties include San Marino (1945–1957 and 1978-1990), Moldova ...
Italy – Left Classe Revolution, [17] Workers' Communist Party, Communist Alternative Party, Anticapitalist Left Ivory Coast – Militant Côte d'Ivoire Japan – Japan Revolutionary Communist League, Spartacist Group Japan, [18] Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction)
Communist parties in the United Kingdom (9 C, 10 P) Communist parties in the United States (3 C, 12 P) Communist parties in Uruguay (1 C, 8 P) V.
Different communist schools of thought place a greater emphasis on certain aspects of classical Marxism while rejecting or modifying other aspects. Many communist schools of thought have sought to combine Marxian concepts and non-Marxian concepts which has then led to contradictory conclusions. [12]
According to Peter Rutland (1993), with the death of Stalin, "this was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one." [ 4 ] This view is echoed by Igor Krupnik (1995), "The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself."
The modern political Marxist communist movement was created when the social democratic parties of Europe split between their rightist and leftist tendencies during World War I. The leftists, led internationally by Vladimir Lenin , Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht , to distinguish their brand of socialism from the " reformist " social ...
Communist states were also established in Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. In 1989, the communist states in Eastern Europe collapsed after the Iron Curtain broke under public pressure during a wave of mostly non-violent movements as part of the Revolutions of 1989 which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.