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  2. Substitutionary atonement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement

    El Greco's Jesus Carrying the Cross, 1580.. Substitutionary atonement, also called vicarious atonement, is a central concept within Western Christian theology which asserts that Jesus died for humanity, [1] as claimed by the Western classic and paradigms of atonement in Christianity, which regard Jesus as dying as a substitute for others.

  3. Penal substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_substitution

    Penal substitution, also called penal substitutionary atonement and especially in older writings forensic theory, [1] [2] is a theory of the atonement within Protestant Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of (substitution) sinners, thus satisfying the demands of justice and propitiation, so God ...

  4. Satisfaction theory of atonement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfaction_theory_of...

    Both affirm the substitutionary and vicarious nature of the atonement, but penal substitution offers a specific explanation as to what the suffering is for: punishment. [citation needed] Augustine teaches substitutionary atonement. However, the specific interpretation differed as to what this suffering for sinners meant.

  5. Governmental theory of atonement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmental_theory_of...

    Substitution by atonement: The sufferings of Christ are an atonement for sin by substitution, in the sense that they were intentionally endured for sinners under judicial condemnation, and for the sake of their forgiveness. [20] Objective paradigm: Because Christ's atonement is substitutionary, the theory is based on an objective paradigm. [23]

  6. Salvation in Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity

    The phrase 'vicarious atonement' is sometimes used as a synonym for penal substitution, and is also sometimes used to describe other, non-penal substitutionary, theories of atonement. [129] [130] Care needs to be taken to understand what is being referred to by the various terms used in different contexts. [131] [132]

  7. Jesus Paid It All - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Paid_It_All

    Jesus Paid It All (also known as Fullness in Christ and I hear the Saviour say and Christ All and in All) is a traditional American hymn about the penal substitutionary atonement for sin by the death of Jesus. The song references many Bible verses, including Romans 5 ("Jesus' sacrifice gives life") and Isaiah 1:18 ("a crimson flow"). [1]

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  9. Five Points of Calvinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Points_of_Calvinism

    Limited atonement (also called definite atonement) [12] asserts that Jesus's substitutionary atonement was definite and certain in its purpose and in what it accomplished. This implies that only the sins of the elect were atoned for by Jesus's death. Calvinists do not believe, however, that the atonement is limited in its value or power, but ...