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Glucose production and secretion by the liver are strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. [9] Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is thus an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules in the cells.
The influx of Ca 2+ ions causes the secretion of insulin stored in vesicles through the cell membrane. The process of insulin secretion is an example of a trigger mechanism in a signal transduction pathway because insulin is secreted after glucose enters the beta cell and that triggers several other processes in a chain reaction.
Glucokinase in beta cells serves as a glucose sensor, amplifying insulin secretion as blood glucose rises. In the pancreatic beta-cell, glucokinase is a key regulator enzyme. Glucokinase is very important in the regulation of insulin secretion and has been known as the pancreatic beta-cell sensor.
GLP-1 and DPP-4 inhibitors. Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. Incretins are released after eating and augment the secretion of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans by a blood-glucose–dependent mechanism.
The triggering pathway of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In beta cells, insulin release is stimulated primarily by glucose present in the blood. [4] As circulating glucose levels rise such as after ingesting a meal, insulin is secreted in a dose-dependent fashion. [4] This system of release is commonly referred to as glucose-stimulated ...
Alpha cells in the pancreatic islet release glucagon, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels antagonistically to insulin by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen stores to increase glucose concentrations in the bloodstream. [4] However, glucagon can also activate receptors on pancreatic beta cells to increase insulin secretion.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones. [5] While it is a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, its main role, being an incretin, is to stimulate insulin secretion.
During fasting-state the increased free fatty acid secretion by adipocyte cells was attributed to the hormone epinephrine, hence the name "hormone-sensitive lipase". [9] Other catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can also stimulate such responses. Such enzymatic action plays a key role in providing major source of energy for ...
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