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This line has been called the amphoteric line, [2] the metal-nonmetal line, [3] the metalloid line, [4] [5] the semimetal line, [6] or the staircase. [2] [n 1] While it has also been called the Zintl border [8] or the Zintl line [9] [10] these terms instead refer to a vertical line sometimes drawn between groups 13 and 14.
Xenon has a density of 5.894 × 10 −3 g/cm 3, liquifies at −161.4 °C, and solidifies at −165.051 °C. It is non-toxic, and belongs to a select group of substances that penetrate the blood–brain barrier, causing mild to full surgical anesthesia when inhaled in high concentrations with oxygen. Xenon has a high ionisation energy (1170.4 ...
The only metal having an ionisation energy higher than some nonmetals (sulfur and selenium) is mercury. [citation needed] Mercury and its compounds have a reputation for toxicity but on a scale of 1 to 10, dimethylmercury ((CH 3) 2 Hg) (abbr. DMM), a volatile colourless liquid, has been described as a 15. It is so dangerous that scientists have ...
The term "bronze ratio" (=) (Cf. Golden Age and Olympic Medals) and even metals such as copper (=) and nickel (=) are occasionally found in the literature. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In terms of algebraic number theory , the metallic means are exactly the real quadratic integers that are greater than 1 {\displaystyle 1} and have − 1 {\displaystyle -1} as ...
In 1802 the term "metalloids" was introduced for elements with the physical properties of metals but the chemical properties of non-metals. [194] However, in 1811, the Swedish chemist Berzelius used the term "metalloids" [ 195 ] to describe all nonmetallic elements, noting their ability to form negatively charged ions with oxygen in aqueous ...
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
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Each distinct atomic number therefore corresponds to a class of atom: these classes are called the chemical elements. [5] The chemical elements are what the periodic table classifies and organizes. Hydrogen is the element with atomic number 1; helium , atomic number 2; lithium , atomic number 3; and so on.