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Howell–Jolly bodies are seen with markedly decreased splenic function. Common causes include asplenia (post-splenectomy) or congenital absence of spleen (right atrial appendage isomerism). Spleens are also removed for therapeutic purposes in conditions like hereditary spherocytosis , trauma to the spleen, and autosplenectomy caused by sickle ...
Under normal conditions, these nuclear remnants are removed from the blood by the spleen's filtering capabilities. Howell-Jolly bodies can be identified and quantified using a blood smear or by flow cytometry. [2] A high number of Howell-Jolly bodies is indicative of splenic hypofunction and potentially autosplenectomy.
Splenectomy patients typically have Howell-Jolly bodies [11] [12] and less commonly Heinz bodies in their blood smears. [13] Heinz bodies are usually found in cases of G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) and chronic liver disease. [14] A splenectomy also results in a greatly diminished frequency of memory B cells. [15]
Based on the structure of a micronucleus, or the function of a cell, it seems to provide support in the central apparatus within the cell. Micronuclei are under investigation and research regarding whether or not they can be used to predict future cancer risks. It seems that they are easy to analyze compared to chromosome aberrations.
Howell-Jolly body-like inclusions (HJBLi) are a hematopathological finding of an inclusion arising from detached DNA nuclear fragment in white blood cells caused by dysplastic granulopoiesis. [1] The inclusion is aptly named for its similar appearance of the Howell–Jolly body in erythrocytes. [2] The term was coined in 1989. [2]
In normal people and many other mammals, which do not have nuclei in their red blood cells, the micronuclei are removed rapidly by the spleen. Hence high frequencies of micronuclei in human peripheral blood indicate a ruptured or absent spleen. In mice, these are not removed, which is the basis for the in vivo micronucleus test.
Acanthocyte-like cells may be found in hypothyroidism, after splenectomy, and in myelodysplasia. [ 12 ] Acanthocytes should be distinguished from echinocytes , which are also called 'burr cells', which although crenated are dissimilar in that they have multiple, small, projecting spiculations at regular intervals on the cell membrane.
Acquired asplenia occurs for several reasons: . Following splenectomy due to splenic rupture from trauma or because of tumor; After splenectomy with the goal of interfering with splenic function, as a treatment for diseases (e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, spherocytosis), in which the spleen's usual activity exacerbates the disease