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  2. Haversine formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversine_formula

    In that case, a and b are ⁠ π / 2 ⁠ − φ 1,2 (that is, the, co-latitudes), C is the longitude separation λ 2 − λ 1, and c is the desired ⁠ d / R ⁠. Noting that sin(⁠ π / 2 ⁠ − φ) = cos(φ), the haversine formula immediately follows. To derive the law of haversines, one starts with the spherical law of cosines:

  3. Exact trigonometric values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_trigonometric_values

    In mathematics, the values of the trigonometric functions can be expressed approximately, as in ⁡ (/), or exactly, as in ⁡ (/) = /.While trigonometric tables contain many approximate values, the exact values for certain angles can be expressed by a combination of arithmetic operations and square roots.

  4. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...

  5. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    The sine and the cosine functions, for example, are used to describe simple harmonic motion, which models many natural phenomena, such as the movement of a mass attached to a spring and, for small angles, the pendular motion of a mass hanging by a string. The sine and cosine functions are one-dimensional projections of uniform circular motion.

  6. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...

  7. Popular asthma drug Singulair could be linked to mental ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/popular-asthma-drug-singulair-could...

    Earlier research also found that the medications penetrated the brains of rats. However, more data is needed to confirm how the drug collects in the nervous system, according to the deputy director.

  8. Bhāskara I's sine approximation formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhāskara_I's_sine...

    The formula is given in verses 17–19, chapter VII, Mahabhaskariya of Bhāskara I. A translation of the verses is given below: [3] (Now) I briefly state the rule (for finding the bhujaphala and the kotiphala, etc.) without making use of the Rsine-differences 225, etc. Subtract the degrees of a bhuja (or koti) from the degrees of a half circle (that is, 180 degrees).

  9. Bake Better Cookies by Avoiding These 5 Common Mistakes - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/bake-better-cookies...

    Know better, bake better!