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The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish–Roman War, occurring from 72 to 73 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus , [ 3 ] a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans , in whose service he became a historian.
The Roman legion surrounded Masada, building a circumvallation wall and then a siege ramp against the western face of the plateau. [11] According to Dan Gill, [ 19 ] geological investigations in the early 1990s confirmed earlier observations that the 114 m (375 ft) high assault ramp consisted mostly of a natural spur of bedrock.
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [12]
Thousands of Sicarii killed: According to Josephus, 1.1 million non-combatants died in Jerusalem and 100,000 in Galilee; 97,000 enslaved. [4]According to modern scholars, a significant portion of the population of Judaea died due to battles, sieges, and famine, with some estimates suggesting up to one-quarter of the population (according to Herr). [5]
Jewish–Roman tensions resulted in several Jewish–Roman wars between the years 66 and 135 AD, which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple and the institution of the Jewish Tax in 70 (those who paid the tax were exempt from the obligation of making sacrifices to the Roman imperial cult).
The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Following a five-month siege, the Romans destroyed the city, including the Second Temple. [1] [2] [3]
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Roman Judea prior to the establishment of the Roman province of Syria Palæstina.. For massacres that took place in Southern Levant prior to World War I, see List of massacres in Ottoman Syria
The divisions of the Diocese of the East in late Roman Palestine, published 1715 by Willem Broedelet. Roman Palestine was a period in the history of Palestine characterised by Roman rule in the Palestine region, starting from the Hasmonean civil war 63 BC, up until either the end of the Second Temple Period with the First Roman-Jewish war in 70 CE, or the Early Muslim Conquest in the 7th ...