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In chemistry, an alkali (/ ˈ æ l k ə l aɪ /; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القلوي) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0.
The chemistry of alkali metal germanides, involving the germanide ion Ge 4− and other cluster ions such as Ge 2− 4, Ge 4− 9, Ge 2− 9, and [(Ge 9) 2] 6−, is largely analogous to that of the corresponding silicides.
Unlike the hydroxides of the alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides, it does not dissociate in aqueous solution. Instead, it reacts with water molecules acting as a Lewis acid, releasing protons. B(OH) 3 + H 2 O ⇌ B(OH) − 4 + H + A variety of oxyanions of boron are known, which, in the protonated form, contain hydroxide groups. [19] Tetrahydroxo-
A strong base is a basic chemical compound that can remove a proton (H +) from (or deprotonate) a molecule of even a very weak acid (such as water) in an acid–base reaction. Common examples of strong bases include hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, like NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. Due to their low solubility, some ...
Strong superbases can be designed by utilizing various approaches [7] [8] [9] to stabilize the conjugate acid, up to the theoretical limits of basicity. [10] Organometallic superbases, sometimes called Lochmann–Schlosser superbases, result from the combination of alkali metal alkoxides and organolithium reagents. [11]
Lye in its solid state is deliquescent and has a strong affinity for moisture in the air. As a result, lye will dissolve when exposed to open air, absorbing large amounts of atmospheric moisture. Accordingly, lye is stored in air-tight (and correspondingly moisture tight) containers.
Cs > K > Na > Li > alkaline earth metals, i.e., alkali metals > alkaline earth metals, the same as the reverse order of the (gas-phase) ionization energies. This is borne out by the extraction of metallic lithium by the electrolysis of a eutectic mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride: lithium metal is formed at the cathode, not ...
Alkali hydroxides are formed in the reaction between alkali metals and water. A typical school demonstration demonstrates what happens when a piece of an alkali metal is introduced to a bowl of water. A vigorous reaction occurs, producing hydrogen gas and the specific alkali hydroxide. For example, if sodium is the alkali metal: