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  2. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

    In chemistry, a condenser is laboratory apparatus used to condense vapors – that is, turn them into liquids – by cooling them down. [1] Condensers are routinely used in laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. In distillation, a mixture is heated until the more volatile components boil off, the vapors are ...

  3. Modeling and simulation of batch distillation unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_and_simulation_of...

    The condensate is usually withdrawn intermittently having products or cuts of different concentrations. Batch distillation is used when the feed rate is not large enough to justify installation of a continuous distillation unit. It may also be used when the constituents greatly differ in volatility. [8] [9] Figure 1 show the batch distillation ...

  4. Code coverage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_coverage

    In software engineering, code coverage, also called test coverage, is a percentage measure of the degree to which the source code of a program is executed when a particular test suite is run. A program with high code coverage has more of its source code executed during testing, which suggests it has a lower chance of containing undetected ...

  5. Liebig condenser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig_condenser

    Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical

  6. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    Laboratory model of a still. 1: The heat source to boil the mixture 2: round-bottom flask containing the mixture to be boiled 3: the head of the still 4: mixture boiling-point thermometer 5: the condenser of the still 6: the cooling-water inlet of the condenser 7: the cooling-water outlet of the condenser 8: the distillate-receiving flask

  7. Batch distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_distillation

    Diagram of a Batch Rectifier. The simplest and most frequently used batch distillation configuration is the batch rectifier, including the alembic and pot still.The batch rectifier consists of a pot (or reboiler), rectifying column, a condenser, some means of splitting off a portion of the condensed vapour (distillate) as reflux, and one or more receivers.

  8. Modified condition/decision coverage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../decision_coverage

    In 2002 Sergiy Vilkomir proposed reinforced condition/decision coverage (RC/DC) as a stronger version of the MC/DC coverage criterion that is suitable for safety-critical systems. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Jonathan Bowen and his co-author analyzed several variants of MC/DC and RC/DC and concluded that at least some MC/DC variants have superior coverage over ...

  9. Perkin triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_triangle

    To do this, a "pig" adapter can be added to the end of the condenser, or for better results or for very air-sensitive compounds, a Perkin triangle apparatus can be used. The Perkin triangle uses a series of glass or Teflon taps to allow fractions to be isolated from the rest of the still, without the main body of the distillation being removed ...