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Paranthropus" derives from Ancient Greek παρα para beside or alongside; and άνθρωπος ánthropos man. [2] The type specimen, a male braincase, TM 1517, was discovered by schoolboy Gert Terblanche at the Kromdraai fossil site, about 70 km (43 mi) southwest of Pretoria, South Africa. [1]
Paranthropus robustus is a species of robust australopithecine from the Early and possibly Middle ... Broom estimated the fragmentary braincase of TM 1517 as ...
KNM-ER 406, the skull of a Paranthropus, brain volume estimated to 410 cm 3 with a visible sagittal crest and mild or intermediate post-orbital constriction but KNM-ER 37333, the skull of a Homo erectus, brain volume of 850 cm 3 with no visual sagittal crest and an almost not present or reduced post-orbital constriction. [4]
Paranthropus boisei is a species of australopithecine from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.5 to 1.15 million years ago. [1] The holotype specimen , OH 5 , was discovered by palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania and described by her husband Louis a month later.
Brain volume is uncalculable due to distortion of the braincase, but it was probably similar to that of Australopithecus and Paranthropus. [1] A sample of five A. afarensis averaged 445 cc. [7] Like Paranthropus, there is no frontal trigon (a triangle formed by the conjunction of the temporal lines behind the brow ridge).
It is unclear how A. africanus relates to other hominins, being variously placed as ancestral to Homo and Paranthropus, to just Paranthropus, or to just P. robustus. The specimen "Little Foot" is the most completely preserved early hominin, with 90% of the skeleton intact, and the oldest South African australopith.
Paranthropus aethiopicus is an extinct species of robust australopithecine from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.7–2.3 million years ago. However, it is much debated whether or not Paranthropus is an invalid grouping and is synonymous with Australopithecus, so the species is also often classified as Australopithecus aethiopicus. [1]
Paranthropus boisei was a hominid species dated to have lived from 2.3 to 1.2 million years ago. The evidence from fossils shows morphological traits designed for chewing hard, tough foods and is commonly referred to as the ‘nutcracker man’. [11]