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  2. Basic reproduction number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number

    is the average number of people infected from one other person. For example, Ebola has an of two, so on average, a person who has Ebola will pass it on to two other people.. In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic reproductive rate), denoted (pronounced R nought or R zero), [1] of an infection is the ...

  3. List of research methods in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_methods...

    Describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey: Ecology: Moran process: Stochastic process that describes finite populations: Genetics: Species–area relationship: describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species ...

  4. Genetic correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_correlation

    A genetic correlation is to be contrasted with environmental correlation between the environments affecting two traits (e.g. if poor nutrition in a household caused both lower IQ and height); a genetic correlation between two traits can contribute to the observed correlation between two traits, but genetic correlations can also be opposite ...

  5. Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_modelling_of...

    Epidemics can be modeled as diseases spreading over networks of contact between people. Such a network can be represented mathematically with a graph and is called the contact network. [19] Every node in a contact network is a representation of an individual and each link (edge) between a pair of nodes represents the contact between them.

  6. Causal notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_notation

    A causal diagram consists of a set of nodes which may or may not be interlinked by arrows. Arrows between nodes denote causal relationships with the arrow pointing from the cause to the effect. There exist several forms of causal diagrams including Ishikawa diagrams, directed acyclic graphs, causal loop diagrams, [10] and why-because graphs (WBGs).

  7. Disease ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_ecology

    Therefore, diseases ecology seeks to understand the links between ecological interactions and disease evolution. [2] New emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (infecting both wildlife and humans) are increasing at unprecedented rates which can have lasting impacts on public health, ecosystem health, and biodiversity. [3]

  8. Epidemiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology

    Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.

  9. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    In mathematical modeling, the relationship between the set of dependent variables and set of independent variables is studied. [citation needed] In the simple stochastic linear model y i = a + bx i + e i the term y i is the i th value of the dependent variable and x i is the i th value of the independent variable.