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The hyperthyroidism usually develops over 2 to 12 weeks following iodine administration. [ 2 ] In some ways the Jod-Basedow phenomenon is the opposite of two physiological compensation mechanisms, the Plummer effect and the Wolff–Chaikoff effect , which in normal persons and in persons with thyroid disease, suppress the thyroid hormone after ...
[1] [7] Other causes include multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, inflammation of the thyroid, eating too much iodine, and too much synthetic thyroid hormone. [1] [2] A less common cause is a pituitary adenoma. [1] The diagnosis may be suspected based on signs and symptoms and then confirmed with blood tests. [1]
Iodine plays a role in thyroid production, and excess iodine levels within the body can result in overproduction of thyroid hormone. Initially, the thyroid reacts according to the auto-regulatory Wolff-Chaikoff effect to prevent an excess of thyroid hormone production. [5] Usually, the thyroid normalizes within 24-48 hours.
Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
Treatment of Graves disease includes antithyroid drugs that reduce the production of thyroid hormone, radioiodine (radioactive iodine I-131) and thyroidectomy (surgical excision of the gland). As operating on a hyperthyroid patient is dangerous, prior to thyroidectomy, preoperative treatment with antithyroid drugs is given to render the patient ...
8-25% mortality with treatment; 80-100% mortality if untreated Thyroid storm is a rare but severe and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism . It occurs when an overactive thyroid leads to hypermetabolism , which can cause death from cardiac arrest or multiple organ failure .
Excessive iodine intake is a well-established environmental factor for triggering thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid autoantibodies are found to be more prevalent in geographical areas with a higher dietary iodine levels. Several mechanisms by which iodine may promote thyroid autoimmunity have been proposed.
The three different mechanisms of high iodine response, the Plummer effect, the Wolff-Chaikoff inhibition effect, and the adaptive escape phenomenon, synergistically work together to fend off potentially harmful consequences of excess iodine load and ensure thyroid homeostasis.