Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This study was a retrospective, case-control study that compared smoking habits of 684 individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma to those without the condition. [12] The survey included questions about smoking: starting age, 20 year tobacco consumption, brands used; as well as inquires about exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace, alcohol use, and causes of death for family members.
A major conclusion of the study is, for example, that smoking decreases life span up to 10 years, and that more than 50% of all smokers die of a disease known to be smoking-related, although the excess mortality depends on amount of smoking, specifically, on average, those who smoke until age 30 have no excess mortality, those who smoke until ...
cigarette smoke was the primary cause of chronic bronchitis; a correlation between smoking, emphysema, and heart disease. In addition, it reported: a causative link between smoking and a ten- to twenty-fold increase in the occurrence of lung cancer; a positive correlation between pregnant women who smoke and underweight newborns. [1]
At least 20.8 million years of life lost from smoking tobacco alone, study reveals
The potential effects of smoking, such as lung cancer, can take up to 20 years to manifest themselves. Historically, women began smoking en masse later than men, so an increased death rate caused by smoking amongst women did not appear until later. The male lung cancer death rate decreased in 1975—roughly 20 years after the initial decline in ...
[42] [43] In 1950, he published research in the British Medical Journal that showed a close link between smoking and lung cancer. [44] Four years later, in 1954 the British Doctors Study, a study of some 40 thousand doctors over 20 years, confirmed the suggestion, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates ...
The Nurses' Health Study original cohort was established in 1976 by Frank E. Speizer. [5] Initially, the study investigated contraceptive use, smoking, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. [6] The 1976 baseline group included married female registered nurses between the ages of 30 and 55. [6]
The studies linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer controlled for the "many other aspects of modern life" to show that cigarette smoking is the main cause. [7] Many of the "numerous scientists" who questioned the validity of the statistics were under the payroll of the tobacco companies. [1] [11]