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The Enterococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria placed in the order Lactobacillales. [1] Representative genera include Enterococcus , Melissococcus , Pilibacter , Tetragenococcus , and Vagococcus .
Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota.Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. [2]
Tetragenococcus is a gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, moderately halophilic and nonmotile bacterial genus from the family of Enterococcaceae. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Prior to 1984, enterococci were members of the genus Streptococcus; thus, E. faecalis was known as Streptococcus faecalis. [29] In 2013, a combination of cold denaturation and NMR spectroscopy was used to show detailed insights into the unfolding of the E. faecalis homodimeric repressor protein CylR2. [30]
The genus has also been proven to survive desiccation. [3] In general, the inhospitable, acidic, and competitive environment of the gastrointestinal tract limits the spread of enterococci. However, it is often during the early stages of a medical intervention that the enterococci can successfully move and colonize beyond the neutral area near ...
Enterococcus gallinarum is a species of Enterococcus. [3] E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to vancomycin.Resistance is due to a chromosomal gene, vanC, which encodes for a terminal D-alanine-D-serine instead of the usual D-alanine-D-alanine in cell wall peptidoglycan precursor proteins. [4]
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Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, gamma-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. [1] It can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism) in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, [2] but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis or endocarditis.