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An antorbital fenestra (plural: fenestrae) is an opening in the skull that is in front of the eye sockets. This skull character is largely associated with archosauriforms, first appearing during the Triassic Period. Among extant archosaurs, birds still possess antorbital fenestrae, whereas crocodylians have lost them. The loss in crocodylians ...
The older morphological definition of Archosauria nowadays roughly corresponds to Archosauriformes, a group named to encompass crown-group archosaurs and their close relatives. [ 4 ] The oldest true archosaur fossils are known from the Early Triassic period, though the first archosauriforms and archosauromorphs (reptilians closer to archosaurs ...
Skull diagram of the basal sauropodomorph Massospondylus, showing the main skull openings (fenestra), including the external naris, the antorbital fenestra, the orbit, the infratemporal fenestra (here: lateral temporal fenestra), the supratemporal fenestra, and the mandibular fenestra. antorbital fenestra
The "classic" definition of archosaur utilized prior to the widespread use of cladistics is now roughly equivalent to the clade Archosauriformes. [5] Archosaurus is still considered the oldest undisputed archosauriform, as well as one of the few valid members of the family Proterosuchidae .
A detailed assessment of archosaur interrelations by Sterling Nesbitt [30] confirmed or found the following twelve unambiguous synapomorphies, some previously known: In the skull, a supratemporal fossa (excavation) is present in front of the supratemporal fenestra, the main opening in the rear skull roof
Torres et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new, nearly complete skull of Vegavis iaai, interpret its morphology as supporting phylogenetic affinities of Vegavis with Anseriformes, and report evidence of the presence of a feeding apparatus different from those of extant members of Anseriformes but similar to those of extant birds that ...
Therapsida [a] is a clade comprising a major group of eupelycosaurian synapsids that includes mammals and their ancestors and close relatives. Many of the traits today seen as unique to mammals had their origin within early therapsids, including limbs that were oriented more underneath the body, resulting in a more "standing" quadrupedal posture, as opposed to the lower sprawling posture of ...
A study on the morphological diversity of skull and jaw shape in crocodylomorphs throughout their evolutionary history is published by Stubbs et al. (2021). [34] A study on the evolution of the skull morphology in crocodyliforms is published by Felice, Pol & Goswami (2021). [35]