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Commentary on 1-2 Timothy and Titus. PastoralEpistles.com, an academic blog devoted to current research in the letters: Bumgardner, Charles (2016). "Paul's Letters to Timothy and Titus: A Literature Review (2009–2015)" Klinker-De Klerck, Myriam (2008). "The Pastoral Epistles: Authentic Pauline Writings" Early Christian Writings: 1 Timothy; 2 ...
The account claimed to review the textual evidence available [2] from ancient sources on two disputed Bible passages: 1 John 5:7 and 1 Timothy 3:16. Newton describes this letter as "an account of what the reading has been in all ages, and what steps it has been changed, as far as I can hitherto determine by records", [ 3 ] and "a criticism ...
Fragments showing 1 Timothy 2:2–6 on Codex Coislinianus, from ca. AD 550. The original Koine Greek manuscript has been lost, and the text of surviving copies varies. The earliest known writing of 1 Timothy has been found on Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 5259, designated P133, in 2017. It comes from a leaf of a codex which is dated to the 3rd century ...
1 Timothy 3:1 ανθρωπινος (human or of a man) – D* it b,d,g,m,mon Ambrosiaster Jerome mss Augustine Speculum πιστος (faithful) – rell. 1 Timothy 3:14 προς σε (to you) – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 cop sa. 1 Timothy 3:16 ομολογουμεν ως (just as we are professing) – D* 1175 ομολογουμενως ...
According to the letter, Paul urges Timothy not to have a "spirit of timidity" and not to "be ashamed to testify about our Lord". [39] He also entreats Timothy to come to him before winter, and to bring Mark with him. Paul clearly anticipates his being put to death and realities beyond in his valedictory found in 2 Timothy 4:6–8. [40]
Most modern critical scholars argue that 2 Timothy, as well as the other two so-called "pastoral letters" (1 Timothy and Titus), were not written by Paul but by an anonymous author, sometime between 90 and 140 AD. [8] [9] [5] Some scholars refer to the assumedly pseudonymous author as "the Pastor". [5]
Isaac Newton wrote An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture, rejecting two Textus Receptus variants: the Johannine Comma and θεός ἐφανερώθη from 1 Timothy 3:16. Newton, fearing accusations of unitarianism, refrained from publishing his work, instead sending the manuscript to John Locke in 1690. [ 17 ]
Titus has a very close affinity with 1 Timothy, sharing similar phrases and expressions and similar subject matter. [12] [13] This has led many scholars to believe that it was written by the same author who wrote 1 and 2 Timothy: their author is sometimes referred to as "the Pastor". [14] The gnostic writer Basilides rejected the epistle. [15]