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Most of the radiation energy in the universe is in the cosmic microwave background, [58] making up a fraction of roughly 6 × 10 −5 of the total density of the universe. [ 59 ] Two of the greatest successes of the Big Bang theory are its prediction of the almost perfect black body spectrum and its detailed prediction of the anisotropies in ...
The deep-field photograph, which covers a tiny area of sky visible from the Southern Hemisphere, is centered on SMACS 0723, a galaxy cluster in the constellation of Volans. Thousands of galaxies are visible in the image, some as old as 13 billion years. [1] It is the highest-resolution image of the early universe ever taken.
Background radiation is largely homogeneous and isotropic. A slight detectable anisotropy is present which correlates to galaxy filaments and voids. [2] [3] The discovery (by chance in 1965) of the cosmic background radiation suggests that the early universe was dominated by a radiation field, a field of extremely high temperature and pressure. [4]
The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed at that time. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is ...
Details from the HDF illustrate the wide variety of galaxy shapes, sizes and colors found in the distant universe. Deep field image taken by ALMA and Hubble. [14] The HDF data provided extremely rich material for cosmologists to analyse and by late 2014 the associated scientific paper for the image had received over 900 citations. [15]
The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) is a deep-field image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies.The original data for the image was collected by the Hubble Space Telescope from September 2003 to January 2004 and the first version of the image was released on March 9, 2004. [1]
Its visibility can be greatly reduced by background light, such as light pollution or moonlight. The sky needs to be darker than about 20.2 magnitude per square arcsecond in order for the Milky Way to be visible. [68] It should be visible if the limiting magnitude is approximately +5.1 or better and shows a great deal of detail at +6.1. [69]
The simultaneous existence of the largest-known voids and galaxy clusters requires about 70% dark energy in the universe today, consistent with the latest data from the cosmic microwave background. [5] Voids act as bubbles in the universe that are sensitive to background cosmological changes.