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For vehicles where the above formula cannot be applied (e.g. electric vehicles), the tax horsepower is derived from the effective engine power (which is defined by law as the maximum power that the engine can provide after being used at full power from 30 minutes, which is normally lower than the rated engine power).
Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes. [19] Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less directly related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries changed over to systems based on CO 2 emissions, so are not directly comparable to older ratings.
However, cars registered before this date are taxed based on engine displacement. Cars under 1549 cm 3 qualify for a lower tax rate. [3] In Japan, the engine displacement is one of the factors (along with overall vehicle size and power output) used to determine the vehicle size class and therefore the cost of road tax for the vehicle.
Two of the four modelling metholodogies in the shootout, one from North Carolina State University and one internal to the EPA, used vehicle-specific power metrics. [3] [4] MOVES was eventually implemented using vehicle-specific power as its primary metric. [4] (See Koupal et al. 2002, § 7.1.3.1 for the EPA MOVES draft VSP specification.)
The annual motor vehicle tax was replaced by the road traffic insurance tax which came into effect on 1 January 2018 and is paid through the yearly compulsory liability insurance for motor vehicles. [30] [31] While commonly referred to as a "veiavgift" ("road tax"), no road tax has ever existed in Norway.
The fourth power law (also known as the fourth power rule) states that the stress on the road caused by a motor vehicle increases in proportion to the fourth power of its axle load. This law was discovered in the course of a series of scientific experiments in the United States in the late 1950s and was decisive for the development of standard ...
These granted tax credits on PEV vehicles will phase out once 200,000 plug-in vehicles are sold by each manufacturer in the U.S. [282] During this phase out period after 200,000 plug-in car sales, qualified producers will experience a drop in a tax credit of $7,500 to $3,750 for the next 6 months followed by a drop to $1,875 for another 6 ...
In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. . Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to t