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A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, [1] is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable.
MOSFET, showing gate (G), body (B), source (S), and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).. The MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) [1] is a type of insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor, typically silicon.
Through-hole (leaded) resistors Through-hole devices mounted on the circuit board of a mid-1980s Commodore 64 home computer A box of drill bits used for making holes in printed circuit boards. While tungsten-carbide bits are very hard, they eventually wear out or break. Drilling is a considerable part of the cost of a through-hole printed ...
Company Name Symbol C M Holdings: CSE: COLO.N0000: C T Holdings: CSE: CTHR.N0000: C T Land Development: CSE: CTLD.N0000: C. W. Mackie: CSE: CWM.N0000: Capital ...
In 1948, Bardeen patented an insulated-gate transistor (IGFET) with an inversion layer; Bardeen's concept forms the basis of MOSFET technology today. [34] An improved type of MOSFET technology, CMOS, was developed by Chih-Tang Sah and Frank Wanlass at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1963. [35] [36] CMOS was commercialised by RCA in the late 1960s. [35]
The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or silicon die).It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times).
The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p ...
This concept arose when Intel co-founder Gordon Moore became interested in the cost of transistors and trying to fit more onto one chip. It relates that the number of transistors that can be fabricated on a silicon integrated circuit—and therefore the computing abilities of such a circuit—is doubling every 18 to 24 months. [5]