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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering.The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history.
Hydraulics (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and αὐλός (aulós) 'pipe') [2] is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases.
1766 – de Borda publishes "Mémoire sur l’Écoulement des Fluides par les Orifices des Vases" on hydraulics and resistance of fluid through orifices. He comes up with Borda–Carnot equation . 1768 – Antoine de Chézy provides a semi-empirical formula for resistance of open channel flow, described by Chézy formula .
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. [1]: 3 It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
A simple open center hydraulic circuit. An excavator; main hydraulics: Boom cylinders, swing drive, cooler fan, and trackdrive Fundamental features of using hydraulics compared to mechanics for force and torque increase/decrease in a transmission. Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to perform work. Heavy construction vehicles are a ...
Heron's fountain is a hydraulic machine invented by the 1st century AD inventor, mathematician, and physicist Heron (or Hero) of Alexandria. [ 1 ] Heron studied the pressure of air and steam, described the first steam engine , and built toys that would spurt water, one of them known as Heron's fountain.
Hydrostatics is fundamental to hydraulics, the engineering of equipment for storing, transporting and using fluids. It is also relevant to geophysics and astrophysics (for example, in understanding plate tectonics and the anomalies of the Earth's gravitational field ), to meteorology , to medicine (in the context of blood pressure ), and many ...
Daniel Bernoulli FRS (/ b ɜːr ˈ n uː l i / bur-NOO-lee; Swiss Standard German: [ˈdaːni̯eːl bɛrˈnʊli]; [1] 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1700 – 27 March 1782 [2]) was a Swiss-French mathematician and physicist [2] and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel.