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Contraindications - lists situations in which the medication should not be used, for example in patients with other medical conditions such as kidney problems or allergies; Warnings - covers possible serious side effects that may occur (e.g., boxed warning)
GINA conducts continuous review of scientific publications on asthma and is a leader in disseminating information about the care of patients with asthma. [2] GINA publishes resources such as evidence-based guidelines for asthma management, and runs special events such as World Asthma Day. GINA's guidelines, revised each year, are used by ...
Zafirlukast is FDA-approved for the prevention and treatment of asthma in adults and children older than 5 years old. [1] Like other leukotriene receptor antagonists, zafirlukast is thought to be useful for the long-term treatment of asthma, but it is generally less effective than inhaled glucocorticoids as monotherapy (which are the standard of care) or long-acting beta-2 agonists in ...
Budesonide is contraindicated in people with: Known hypersensitivity to budesonide or any component of the formulation. [37] [40] Status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma which would require intensive, immediate measures. [37] [41] In Canada, there are additional contraindications labeled for Budesonide for people with:
Methacholine is primarily used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, [1] which is the hallmark of asthma and also occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This is accomplished through the bronchial challenge test, or methacholine challenge, in which a subject inhales aerosolized methacholine, leading to bronchoconstriction.
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping has emerged as a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine which separates the clinical presentations of asthma, or asthma phenotypes, from their underlying causes, or asthma endotypes. The best-supported endotypic distinction is the type 2-high/type 2-low distinction.
Doxofylline (also known as doxophylline) is a phosphodiesterase inhibiting bronchodilator used in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma [1] and COPD. [2] Like theophylline, it is a xanthine derivative. [3] [4]
Ensifentrine, sold under the brand name Ohtuvayre, is a medication used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. [1] It is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. [1]