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This article lists the monarchs of Eswatini (known as Swaziland for most of its history). The King of Eswatini (also known as Ingwenyama) rules alongside the Queen Mother (also known as Ndlovukati). The role of the king has historically been as the head or father of the nation while the Queen Mother is the spiritual leader of the nation. [1]
Eswatini is an absolute monarchy with constitutional provisions and Swazi law and Custom. [1] [2] The head of state is the king or Ngwenyama (lit.Lion), currently King Mswati III, who ascended to the throne in 1986 after the death of his father King Sobhuza II in 1982 and a period of regency.
For local administration Eswatini is divided into 4 regions (Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni), each with an administrator appointed by the king. Parallel to the government structure is the traditional system consisting of the king and his advisers, traditional courts, and 59 tinkhundla (subregional districts in which traditional chiefs are ...
[16] [17] In 1988 and 1989, an underground political party, the People's United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), criticized the king and his government, calling for 'democratic reforms'. In response to this political threat and to growing popular calls for greater accountability within government, the king and the prime minister initiated an ...
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In the past, the royalist Imbokodvo National Movement consistently won the vast majority of seats while political parties were legal, thus gaining total control over the government. [12] iNgwenyama Mswati III compromised the traditional tinkundla system, replacing parts of the system with modern Eswatini institutions. [14]
Some of the members of both chambers are elected, while the rest are appointed by the King of Eswatini. Election is by secret ballot in a first-past-the-post system of voting. [1] Members of both chambers serve for five-year terms. [2] All candidates run on a non-partisan basis, as political parties are banned. [2]
The small southern African nation of Eswatini held elections Friday to decide part of the makeup of its Parliament, even as its extremely wealthy king retains absolute power, political parties are ...