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Ornitholestes is often portrayed as a fast, long-legged theropod, but its lower limb bones were fairly short. [45] Osborn (1917) calculated that the, missing, tibia (shin bone) was only about 70.6% as long as the femur (thigh bone). [46] The metatarsals (foot bones) were spaced closely, but not fused together. [47]
The bones of the skull roof were fused and by a folding of the frontal bones, a "double" skull roof was created. In Triceratops, some specimens show a fontanelle, an opening in the upper roof layer. The cavity between the layers invaded the bone cores of the brow horns. [30] Back of skull, showing rounded joint which connected the head and neck
The carnassial pair is made up of the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar teeth. Like most mammals, the dentition is heterodont , though in some species, such as the aardwolf ( Proteles cristata ), the teeth have been greatly reduced and the cheek teeth are specialised for eating insects.
The researchers named the leopard-size species Bastetodon syrtos as a nod to the cat-headed ancient Egyptian goddess Bastet because of the species’ unique shorter snout compared with other ...
Various carnivorans, with feliforms to the left, and caniforms to the right. Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh. Members of this order are called carnivorans, or colloquially carnivores, though the term more properly refers to any meat-eating organisms, and some carnivoran species are omnivores or herbivores.
Bones of the first gill arch became the upper and lower jaw, while those from the second arch became the hyomandibula, ceratohyal and basihyal; this closed two of the seven pairs of gills. The gap between the first and second arches just below the braincase (fused with upper jaw) created a pair of spiracles , which opened in the skin and led to ...
Skeletons of a human and an elephant. Comparative foot morphology involves comparing the form of distal limb structures of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates.Understanding the role that the foot plays for each type of organism must take account of the differences in body type, foot shape, arrangement of structures, loading conditions and other variables.
The parietal bones did not project past the squamosals and had V-shaped hind margins, with emargination (a series of notches) spanning their entire width. [2] [7] Diagram showing the skull from above and the left side. The epiossifications on the squamosal bones of Kosmoceratops became progressively larger towards the back of the neck frill ...