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ISO/IEC 9075 "Information technology - Database languages - SQL" is an international standard for Structured Query Language, and is considered as specifying the minimum for what a database engine should fulfill in terms of SQL syntax, which is called Core SQL. The standard also defines a number of optional features.
A database abstraction layer (DBAL [1] or DAL) is an application programming interface which unifies the communication between a computer application and databases such as SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or SQLite.
The SQL Access Group (SAG) was a group of software companies that was formed in 1989 to define and promote standards for database portability and interoperability. Initial members were Oracle Corporation , Informix , Ingres , DEC , Tandem , Sun and HP .
Database connections are finite and expensive and can take a disproportionately long time to create relative to the operations performed on them. It is inefficient for an application to create, use, and close a database connection whenever it needs to update a database. Connection pooling is a technique designed to alleviate this problem. A ...
SQL script, CSV, TSV or the above in zip (as a plugin); imports of server-site file in SQL or SQL in zip, gzip or bzip2: SQL script, CSV, TSV or the above in zip, gzip, bzip2; XML (as a plugin) No Git: Altova DatabaseSpy: No No Yes CSV, XML XML, XML Structure, CSV, HTML, MS Excel No ? Database Workbench: Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [15] DataGrip ...
The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip before starting to return data. The FETCH FIRST clause specifies the number of rows to return. Some SQL databases instead have non-standard alternatives, e.g. LIMIT, TOP or ROWNUM. The clauses of a query have a particular order of execution, [5] which is denoted by the number on the right ...
Having a redo log makes it possible to replay SQL statements. Before an Oracle database changes data in a datafile it writes changes to the redo log. If something happens to one of the datafiles, a recovery procedure can restore a backed-up datafile and then replay the redo written since backup-time; this brings the datafile to the state it had ...
The functional database model is used to support analytics applications such as financial planning and performance management. The functional database model, or the functional model for short, is different from but complementary to the relational model .