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The request could not be understood due to malformed syntax. [1]: §21.4.1 401 Unauthorized The request requires user authentication. This response is issued by UASs and registrars. [1]: §21.4.2 402 Payment Required Reserved for future use. [1]: §21.4.3 403 Forbidden The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it.
The ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) User Part or ISUP is part of Signaling System No. 7 (SS7), which is used to set up telephone calls in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It is specified by the ITU-T as part of the Q.76x series.
Microsoft Teams is a team collaboration application developed by Microsoft as part of the Microsoft 365 family of products, offering workspace chat and video conferencing, file storage, and integration of proprietary and third-party applications and services.
Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling protocols developed in the 1970s that is used to setup and teardown telephone calls on most parts of the global public switched telephone network (PSTN).
PSTN network topology is the switching network topology of a telephone network connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).. In the United States and Canada, the Bell System network topology was the switching system hierarchy implemented and operated from c. 1930 to the 1980s for the purpose of integrating the diverse array of local telephone companies and telephone numbering ...
The PSTN consists of telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, microwave transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and undersea telephone cables interconnected by switching centers, such as central offices, network tandems, and international gateways, which allow telephone users to communicate with each other.
A signaling protocol is a type of communications protocol for encapsulating the signaling between communication endpoints and switching systems to establish or terminate a connection and to identify the state of connection. The following is a list of signaling protocols: ALOHA; Digital Subscriber System No. 1 (EDSS1) Dual-tone multi-frequency ...
End-to-end encryption of SIP is only possible if there is a direct connection between communication endpoints. While a direct connection can be made via Peer-to-peer SIP or via a VPN between the endpoints, most SIP communication involves multiple hops, with the first hop being from a user agent to the user agent's ITSP. For the multiple-hop ...