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Gardner's relation, or Gardner's equation, named after Gerald H. F. Gardner and L. W. Gardner, is an empirically derived equation that relates seismic P-wave velocity to the bulk density of the lithology in which the wave travels. The equation reads: = where is bulk density given in g/cm 3, is P-wave velocity given in ft/s, and and are ...
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.
In physics, the acoustic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium resp. a standing wavefield. The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particle velocity u as a function of position x and time t. A simplified (scalar) form of the ...
In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity.It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate α given by = where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, ω is the sound's angular frequency, ρ is the fluid ...
A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
In quantum mechanics and scattering theory, the one-dimensional step potential is an idealized system used to model incident, reflected and transmitted matter waves.The problem consists of solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a particle with a step-like potential in one dimension.
The Zoeppritz equations consist of four equations with four unknowns [] = [ ] [ ]R P, R S, T P, and T S, are the reflected P, reflected S, transmitted P, and transmitted S-wave amplitude coefficients, respectively, =angle of incidence, =angle of the transmitted P-wave, =angle of reflected S-wave and =angle of the ...
In linear elasticity, the P-wave modulus, also known as the longitudinal modulus, or the constrained modulus, is one of the elastic moduli available to describe isotropic homogeneous materials. It is defined as the ratio of axial stress to axial strain in a uniaxial strain state.