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Also, the vowel sound used must not be confused with any existing Lojban vowel. An example of buffering in Lojban is that if a speaker finds the cluster [ml] in the word mlatu (' cat ') (pronounced ['mlatu]) hard or impossible to pronounce, the vowel [ɐ] can be pronounced between the two consonants, resulting in the form [mɐˈlatu].
A vowel combines with a consonant in their diacritic form. For example, the vowel आ (ā) combines with the consonant क् (k) to form the syllabic letter का (kā), with halant (cancel sign) removed and added vowel sign which is indicated by diacritics. The vowel अ (a) combines with the consonant क् (k) to form क (ka) with
A light syllable (one mora) ends in a short vowel /ə, ɪ, ʊ/: V; A heavy syllable (two moras) ends in a long vowel /aː, iː, uː, eː, ɛː, oː, ɔː/ or in a short vowel and a consonant: VV, VC; An extra-heavy syllable (three moras) ends in a long vowel and a consonant, or a short vowel and two consonants: VVC, VCC
(The o in the second syllable makes the / ə / sound because it is an unstressed syllable.) Open syllables are syllables in which a vowel appears at the end of the syllable. The vowel will say its long sound. In the word basin, ba is an open syllable and therefore says / b eɪ /. Diphthongs are linguistic elements that fuse two adjacent vowel ...
Root vowel changeː a → ā; u / ū → o; i / ī → e; Sometimes the root vowel change accompanies the root's final consonant changeː k → c; ṭ → r̥; l → Ø; Suffixation of -ā to form the indirect or reflexive formː Root vowel changeː ū/o → u; e/ai/ā/ī → i; Insertion of semivowel l between such vowel-terminating stems
When a vowel sound occurs syllable-initially or when it follows another vowel, it is written using a distinct letter. When a vowel sound follows a consonant (or a consonant cluster), it is written with a diacritic which, depending on the vowel, can appear above, below, before or after the consonant.
Only with the Greek playwrights (such as Euripides and Aristophanes) did the ends of sentences begin to be marked to help actors know when to make a pause during performances. Punctuation includes space between words and both obsolete and modern signs. By the 19th century, the punctuation marks were used hierarchically, according to their ...
If the root ends in the vowel a or o, and the consonant n or r, the y exchanges position with the consonant and is written i: *cháryō > chaírō "I am glad" — echárē "he was glad" *phányō > phaínō "I reveal" — ephánē "he appeared" For metathesis of vowel length, which occurs frequently in Attic and Ionic Greek, see quantitative ...