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Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Figure 4. Strength of selection (S) and response to selection (R) in an artificial selection experiment, h 2 =R/S. In selective breeding of plants and animals, the expected response to selection of a trait with known narrow-sense heritability ( h 2 ) {\displaystyle (h^{2})} can be estimated using the breeder's equation : [ 25 ]
The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts. [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 February 2025. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...
A study of 99 autistic probands which found a 2.9% concordance for autism in siblings, and between 12.4% and 20.4% concordance for a "lesser variant" of autism. [8] A study of 31 siblings of autistic children, 32 siblings of children with developmental delay, and 32 controls.
Family resemblance is also shaped by environmental factors, temperature, light, nutrition, exposure to drugs, the time that different family members spend in shared and non-shared environments, are examples of factors found to influence phenotype.
Another form of non-Mendelian inheritance is known as infectious heredity. Infectious particles such as viruses may infect host cells and continue to reside in the cytoplasm of these cells. If the presence of these particles results in an altered phenotype, then this phenotype may be subsequently transmitted to progeny. [ 13 ]
Telegony is a largely discredited theory of heredity holding that offspring can inherit the characteristics of a previous mate of the female parent; thus the child of a woman might partake of traits of a previous sexual partner.