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Health security is a concept that encompasses activities and measures across sovereign boundaries that mitigates public health incidents to ensure the health of populations. [1] It is an evolving paradigm within the fields of international relations and security studies . [ 2 ]
The emergence of the human security discourse was the product of a convergence of factors at the end of the Cold War.These challenged the dominance of the neorealist paradigm's focus on states, "mutually assured destruction" and military security and briefly enabled a broader concept of security to emerge.
Health is a basic human right and human need, and all human rights are interconnected. Thus, health must be discussed along with all other basic human rights. [6] Health equity is defined by the CDC as "the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health". [7]
Community Safety or Community Security (CS) is, according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), a concept that seeks to operationalize human security, human development and state-building paradigms at the local level. The contemporary concept of community security, narrowly defined, includes both group and personal security.
Health For All is a goal of the World Health Organization (WHO), that has been popularized since the 1970s, which envisions securing the health and well being of people around the world. It is the basis for the World Health Organization's primary health care strategy to promote health , human dignity, and enhance quality of life.
The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is an international effort operating in the field of infection prevention and control. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A brainchild of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it was launched in February 2014 by a group of 44 countries [ 3 ] and organizations including WHO . [ 4 ]
The 1978 World Health Organization (WHO) declaration at Alma-Ata was the first formal acknowledgment of the importance of intersectoral action for health. [5] The spirit of Alma-Ata was carried forward in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (adopted in Ottawa in 1986), which discussed "healthy public policies" as a key area for health promotion.
Health equity arises from access to the social determinants of health, specifically from wealth, power and prestige. [20] Individuals who have consistently been deprived of these three determinants are significantly disadvantaged from health inequities, and face worse health outcomes than those who are able to access certain resources.