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Schematic of the HPA axis (CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a ...
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They can be classified as a hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HP axis) of which the adrenal (HPA Tooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), gonadal (HPG Tooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis), thyroid (HPT Tooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis), somatotropic (HPS Tooltip hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis), and ...
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In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females. Many egg-yolk and chorionic proteins are synthesized heterologously in the liver, which are necessary for ovocyte growth and development.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland.
3.1.4 Hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis) 3.1.5 Subthalamus (HPA axis) 3.1.6 Pituitary gland (HPA axis) 3.2 Telencephalon ... Download as PDF; Printable version;
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