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Hydrogen sulfide reacts with metal ions to form metal sulfides, which are insoluble, often dark colored solids. This behavior is the basis of the use of hydrogen sulfide as a reagent in the qualitative inorganic analysis of metal ions.
Its conjugate acid is hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). However, bisulfide's basicity stems from its behavior as an Arrhenius base. A solution containing spectator-only counter ions, has a basic pH according to the following acid-base reaction:
The sulfide ion does not exist in aqueous alkaline solutions of Na 2 S. [3] [4] Instead sulfide converts to hydrosulfide: S 2− + H 2 O → SH − + OH −. Upon treatment with an acid, sulfide salts convert to hydrogen sulfide: S 2− + H + → SH − SH − + H + → H 2 S. Oxidation of sulfide is a complicated process.
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a weak electrolyte.It is partially ionized when in aqueous solution, therefore there exists an equilibrium between un-ionized molecules and constituent ions in an aqueous medium as follows:
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are responsible for the sulfurous odors of salt marshes and mud flats. Much of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides. These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide (FeS), are insoluble and often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge. [2]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
Some of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water or solid to produce iron or metal sulfides, which are not water-soluble. These metal sulfides, such as iron(II) sulfide, are often black or brown, leading to the color of sludge. Pyrrhotite is a waste product of the Desulfovibrio bacteria, a sulfate reducing bacteria.