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Human endogenous retrovirus K endopeptidase (EC 3.4.23.50, human endogenous retrovirus K10 endopeptidase, endogenous retrovirus HERV-K10 putative protease, human endogenous retrovirus K retropepsin, HERV K10 endopeptidase, HERV K10 retropepsin, HERV-K PR, HERV-K protease, HERV-K113 protease, human endogenous retrovirus K113 protease, human retrovirus K10 retropepsin) is an enzyme derived from ...
HIV-1 protease or PR is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin), an enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses, that is essential for the life-cycle of HIV, the retrovirus that causes AIDS.
A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. [2] After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward).
Dendrogram of various classes of endogenous retroviruses. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). [1] [2]
Env genes are found in LTR retrotransposon types Ty1-copia (Pseudoviridae), Ty3-gypsy (Metaviridae) and BEL/Pao. [9] [8] They encode glycoproteins on the retrovirus envelope needed for entry into the host cell. Retroviruses can move between cells whereas LTR retrotransposons can only move themselves into the genome of the same cell. [10]
XMRV is a recombinant virus observed incidentally as a result of recombination between two endogenous mouse retroviruses by prostate cancer researchers in the mid-1990s. Although it can infect human tissue, no known disease is associated with the infection [10] [11] [12] and it is unlikely to exist outside laboratories. [13]
The genetic material in retroviruses is in the form of RNA molecules, while the genetic material of their hosts is in the form of DNA. When a retrovirus infects a host cell, it will introduce its RNA together with some enzymes, namely reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the cell. This RNA molecule from the retrovirus must produce a DNA ...
Human betaretrovirus (HBRV), also known as Human mammary tumor virus, or Mouse mammary tumor-like virus is the human homologue of the Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). The nomenclature for Human betaretrovirus was introduced following characterization of infection in patient with autoimmune liver disease suggesting the virus is not solely found in mice nor exclusively implicated in the ...