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Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. The party who calls the side that is facing up when the coin lands wins.
Penney's game. Penney's game, named after its inventor Walter Penney, is a binary (head/tail) sequence generating game between two players. Player A selects a sequence of heads and tails (of length 3 or larger), and shows this sequence to player B. Player B then selects another sequence of heads and tails of the same length.
Unknown artist. 1890s. Two-up is a traditional Australian gambling game, involving a designated "spinner" throwing two coins, usually Australian pennies, into the air. Players bet on whether the coins will both fall with heads (obverse) up, both with tails (reverse) up, or with a head and one a tail (known as "Ewan").
Rules. First, a row of eight cards are dealt; this is the "Heads" row. Then 8 piles of 11 cards are dealt; this is reserve. Below them is another row of eight cards, the "Tails" row. The object of the game is to free one Ace and one King of each suit and build each of them by suit; the Aces are built up to Kings while the Kings are built down ...
There’s a head player and a tail player. The lion will usually be composed of a bamboo frame, or a rattan frame. Then there's papier-mâché — basically like a big ol’ piñata. There’s ...
Monte Carlo simulation: Drawing a large number of pseudo-random uniform variables from the interval [0,1] at one time, or once at many different times, and assigning values less than or equal to 0.50 as heads and greater than 0.50 as tails, is a Monte Carlo simulation of the behavior of repeatedly tossing a coin.
St. Petersburg paradox. The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery[1] is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion ...
The symbols H and T represent more generalised variables expressing the numbers of heads and tails respectively that might have been observed in the experiment. Thus N = H + T = h + t. Next, let r be the actual probability of obtaining heads in a single toss of the coin. This is the property of the coin which is being investigated.