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Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or synthesized as drugs. They have various physiological and medical functions, such as regulating inflammation, metabolism, and immune response, but also have side effects and contraindications.
Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body. The main mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys and affects blood pressure and blood volume.
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor and regulate various functions, such as glucose metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. They are also widely used as medications to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system, such as allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders.
Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is a glucocorticoid that regulates glucose metabolism, immune system, and metabolism of calories. It is produced by the adrenal glands and released in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration.
The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal gland that produces hormones such as aldosterone, cortisol and androgens. It has three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, each with a different function and structure.
Adrenocortical hormone is a term for hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland. Learn about the classes, structure, synthesis, and pathology of these hormones, such as aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone.
Steroid hormones are lipid molecules that act as hormones and control various functions in the body. They are synthesized from cholesterol and can be classified into corticosteroids, sex steroids, and vitamin D derivatives. They can bind to receptors and affect gene expression or have non-genomic effects.
To confirm inappropriately low cortisol secretion, testing can include baseline morning cortisol level in the blood or morning cortisol level in the saliva. [2] Cortisol levels typically peak in the morning; thus, low values indicate true adrenal insufficiency. [2] Urinary free cortisol can also be measured, but are not necessary for diagnosis. [2]