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Opioids can cross both the placental and blood-brain barriers, which poses risks to fetuses and newborns exposed to these drugs before birth. This exposure to opioids during pregnancy can lead to potential obstetric complications, including spontaneous abortion, abruption of the placenta, pre-eclampsia, prelabor rupture of membranes, and fetal death.
Opioids such as neonatal morphine solution and methadone are commonly used to treat clinical symptoms of opiate withdrawal, but may prolong neonatal drug exposure and duration of hospitalization. [42] A study demonstrated a shorter wean duration in infants treated with methadone compared to those treated with diluted tincture of opium. When ...
Buprenorphine/naloxone, sold under the brand name Suboxone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication that includes buprenorphine and naloxone. [3] It is used to treat opioid use disorder, and reduces the mortality of opioid use disorder by 50% (by reducing the risk of overdose on full-agonist opioids such as heroin or fentanyl).
Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid use disorder, acute pain, and chronic pain. [18] It can be used under the tongue (sublingual), in the cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous and subcutaneous), as a skin patch (transdermal), or as an implant.
Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus to the drug.Babies whose mothers used cocaine while pregnant supposedly have increased risk of several different health issues during growth and development and are colloquially known as crack babies.
The journal was originally established as The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in 1992, under Wiley-Liss. A separate journal, Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine was established in 1996, published by the Parthenon Publishing Group. In 2002, both journal merged together to form the Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine.
Birth is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on childbirth and related topics. It was established in 1973 as Birth and the Family Journal, with as its founding editor-in-chief Madeleine H. Shearer, [1] obtaining its current name in 1982. [2] It is published by John Wiley & Sons and the editor-in-chief is Melissa Cheyney.
Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy.Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, intellectual disability, deafness, small head size, and malformed bones, cartilage, and joints.