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Blood benzodiazepine concentrations, however, do not appear to be related to any toxicological effect or predictive of clinical outcome. Blood concentrations are, therefore, used mainly to confirm the diagnosis rather than being useful for the clinical management of the patient. [13] [43]
Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, severe lowering of the seizure threshold, and low white blood cell levels. [6] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of death. [6] It is unclear if it is safe for use in ...
However, the injured cells do not actually die until hours after resuscitation. [8] This delayed death can be prevented in vitro by a simple drug treatment even after 20 minutes without oxygen. [9] In other areas of the brain, viable human neurons have been recovered and grown in culture hours after clinical death. [10]
A study in 2000 found that long-term benzodiazepine therapy does not result in brain abnormalities. [75] Withdrawal from high-dose use of nitrazepam anecdotally was alleged in 2001 to have caused severe shock of the whole brain with diffuse slow activity on EEG in one patient after 25 years of use. After withdrawal, abnormalities in hypofrontal ...
The rate of dosage reduction is best carried out so as to minimize the symptoms' intensity and severity. Anecdotally, a slow rate of reduction may reduce the risk of developing a severe protracted syndrome. Long half-life benzodiazepines like diazepam [1] or chlordiazepoxide are preferred to minimize rebound effects and are available in low ...
Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life, while its active metabolite has a very long half-life. The drug has amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. [4] Chlordiazepoxide was patented in 1958 and approved for medical use in 1960. [5]
An anxiolytic (/ ˌ æ ŋ k s i ə ˈ l ɪ t ɪ k, ˌ æ ŋ k s i oʊ-/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) [1] is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety.
Oxazepam has the potential for misuse, defined as taking the drug to achieve a high, or continuing to take the drug in the long term against medical advice. [39] Benzodiazepines, including diazepam, oxazepam, nitrazepam, and flunitrazepam, accounted for the largest volume of forged drug prescriptions in Sweden from 1982 to 1986.