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Anarchy is a form of society without rulers. As a type of stateless society, it is commonly contrasted with states, which are centralized polities that claim a monopoly on violence over a permanent territory. Beyond a lack of government, it can more precisely refer to societies that lack any form of authority or hierarchy.
A stateless society is a society that is not governed by a state. [1] In stateless societies, there is little concentration of authority. Most positions of authority that do exist are very limited in power, and they are generally not permanent positions, and social bodies that resolve disputes through predefined rules tend to be small. [2]
The suffix-ism denotes the ideological current that favours anarchy. [2] Anarchism appears in English from 1642 as anarchisme and anarchy from 1539; early English usages emphasised a sense of disorder. [3] Various factions within the French Revolution labelled their opponents as anarchists, although few such accused shared many views with later ...
In the place of a state structure, social anarchists desire anarchy, which can be defined as a society without government. [22] Social anarchists oppose the use of a state structure to achieve their goals of a stateless and classless society, [23] as they consider statism to be an inherently corrupting influence. [24]
Economist Alex Tabarrok argued that Somalia in its stateless period provided a "unique test of the theory of anarchy", in some aspects near of that espoused by anarcho-capitalists David D. Friedman and Murray Rothbard. [25] Nonetheless, both anarchists and some anarcho-capitalists argue that Somalia was not an anarchist society. [178] [179]
Within anarchy, all occupations are viewed as equally beneficial to society. Since the concept of value is different for everyone and cannot be determined, it is argued that it should not be set and one's contribution to society through their occupation entitled them to be a part of it.
Anarchism as a political philosophy regards the state and hierarchies as unnecessary and harmful, and instead promotes a stateless society, or anarchy, a self-managed, self-governed society based on voluntary, cooperative institutions.
Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most (1914–1984) Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (1965) by Daniel Guérin (1985–present) Listen, Anarchist! (1987) by Chaz Bufe; Anarchy Alive! (2007) by Uri Gordon; The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism (2019) by Ruth Kinna