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Einsteinium is the element with the highest atomic number which has been observed in macroscopic quantities in its pure form as einsteinium-253. [4] Like all synthetic transuranium elements, isotopes of einsteinium are very radioactive and are considered highly dangerous to health on ingestion. [5]
Einsteinium (99 Es) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all synthetic elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be discovered (in nuclear fallout from the Ivy Mike H-bomb test) was 253 Es in 1952. There are 18 known radioisotopes from 240 Es to 257 Es, and 4 nuclear isomers.
Transuranic elements are difficult and expensive to produce, and their prices increase rapidly with atomic number. As of 2008, the cost of weapons-grade plutonium was around $4,000/gram, [2] and californium exceeded $60,000,000/gram. [3] Einsteinium is the heaviest element that has been produced in macroscopic quantities. [4]
“Californium production campaigns are conducted every other year to produce from curium about 100 milligrams of californium-252, tens of milligrams of berkelium-249 and micrograms of einsteinium.
Einsteinium compounds are compounds that contain the element einsteinium (Es). These compounds largely have einsteinium in the +3 oxidation state, or in some cases in the +2 and +4 oxidation states. Although einsteinium is relatively stable, with half-lives ranging from 20 days upwards, these compounds have not been studied in great detail.
einsteinium-242: 13.5 oxygen-20: 13.51 beryllium-11: 13.81 darmstadtium-281: 14 ... List of elements by stability of isotopes; List of nuclides; Orders of magnitude ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Organic compounds have one or more carbon atoms that are bound to other elements, usually hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. All life on Earth is based on carbon and is built from organic ...