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Sjögren's syndrome can damage vital organs, with symptoms that may plateau or worsen, or go into remission, as with other autoimmune diseases. Some people may experience only the mild symptoms of dry eyes and mouth, while others have symptoms of severe disease. Many patients can treat problems symptomatically.
This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed ...
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
However, some autoimmune diseases may present with more specific symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes (e.g., urticaria), or neurological symptoms. The exact causes of autoimmune diseases remain unclear and are likely multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental influences. [7]
An autoimmune response to Type II collagen, which is found in cartilage and the sclera of the eye, may play a role in the pathophysiology of RP. [5] A genetic connection to HLA-DR4 (DRB1*04 subtype alleles) may also exist. [5] About 30% of cases of RP are linked to additional illnesses, such as autoimmune disorders. [5]
Those with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, are more likely to be affected. [1] Smoking increases the risk of disease and may worsen eye problems. [1] The disorder results from an antibody, called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). [1]
AAG can be difficult to distinguish from degenerative autonomic disorders such as pure autonomic failure or multiple system atrophy when autonomic symptoms appear gradually. When the time course is unknown, the presence of prominent gastrointestinal dysmotility and impaired pupillary light reflexes should point to AAG.
Autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON), sometimes called autoimmune optic neuritis, may be a forme fruste of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated optic neuropathy. AON is more than the presence of any optic neuritis in a patient with an autoimmune process, as it describes a relatively specific clinical syndrome.