Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Drawdown is often represented in cross-sectional diagrams of aquifers. A record of hydraulic head, or rate of flow , versus time is more generally called a hydrograph (in both groundwater and surface water). The main contributor to groundwater drawdown since the 1960s is over-exploitation of groundwater resources. [2]
where s is the drawdown (change in hydraulic head at a point since the beginning of the test in units of distance), u is a dimensionless parameter, Q is the discharge (pumping) rate of the well (volume per unit time), T and S are the transmissivity and storativity of the aquifer around the well (distance squared per unit time and dimensionless ...
This diagram illustrates the three different heads (hydraulic, pressure and elevation) for hydrostatic (no flow) conditions. The yellow rectangle represents a sand and water filled tube or column with its top open to the atmosphere and its bottom drained by a pipe or tube (blue line).
A PV diagram plots the change in pressure P with respect to volume V for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume.
The formula is also common in the pipeline industry to verify that pipe used for gathering, transmission, and distribution lines can safely withstand operating pressures. The design factor is multiplied by the resulting pressure which gives the maximum operating pressure (MAOP) for the pipeline.
The balance is determining what goes into and out of the shell. Momentum is created within the shell through fluid entering and leaving the shell and by shear stress. In addition, there are pressure and gravitational forces on the shell. From this, it is possible to find a velocity for any point across the flow.
The main feature of thermodynamic diagrams is the equivalence between the area in the diagram and energy. When air changes pressure and temperature during a process and prescribes a closed curve within the diagram the area enclosed by this curve is proportional to the energy which has been gained or released by the air.
Here is fluid speed, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the height above some reference point, is the pressure, and is the density. In order to derive Torricelli's formula the first point with no index is taken at the liquid's surface, and the second just outside the opening.