Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The permanent is defined similarly to the determinant, as a sum of products of sets of matrix entries that lie in distinct rows and columns. However, where the determinant weights each of these products with a ±1 sign based on the parity of the set, the permanent weights them all with a +1 sign.
Laplace's expansion by minors for computing the determinant along a row, column or diagonal extends to the permanent by ignoring all signs. [9]For every , = =,,,where , is the entry of the ith row and the jth column of B, and , is the permanent of the submatrix obtained by removing the ith row and the jth column of B.
A Fermi problem (or Fermi question, Fermi quiz), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem, is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.
For an axially symmetric shape with the axis of symmetry being the z axis, the Hamiltonian is = + (+) ( ). Here m is the mass of the nucleon, N is the total number of harmonic oscillator quanta in the spherical basis, is the orbital angular momentum operator, is its square (with eigenvalues (+)), = (/) (+) is the average value of over the N shell, and s is the intrinsic spin.
A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
The number of derangements of a set of size n is known as the subfactorial of n or the n th derangement number or n th de Montmort number (after Pierre Remond de Montmort). Notations for subfactorials in common use include !n, D n, d n, or n¡ . [a] [1] [2] For n > 0 , the subfactorial !n equals the nearest integer to n!/e, where n!
The word "ensemble" is also used for a smaller set of possibilities sampled from the full set of possible states. For example, a collection of walkers in a Markov chain Monte Carlo iteration is called an ensemble in some of the literature. The term "ensemble" is often used in physics and the physics-influenced literature.