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The ocean's surface has unique chemical and physical properties that may concentrate species specifically adapted to these conditions. For example, bacterioneuston living in the sea surface microlayer are often brightly coloured, [30] possibly as protection against solar radiation.
Arctic amplification of climate change has impacted Arctic ecology by melting sea ice, [58] decreasing the salinity of Arctic waters, [59] altering ocean currents and water temperatures, [57] and increasing precipitation, all of which could potentially lead to a disruption of thermohaline circulation. [60]
Although zooplankton are primarily transported by ambient water currents, many have locomotion, used to avoid predators (as in diel vertical migration) or to increase prey encounter rate. Just as any species can be limited within a geographical region, so are zooplankton.
It is unclear how the cub died, the researchers said, adding that its features show it was well-adapted to living in a cold climate. Well-preserved remains of saber-toothed kitten found frozen in ...
The tundra is an extremely harsh, cold, windy, and unique ecosystem found on the extreme north and south latitudes of our Earth. The soil consists mostly of frozen permafrost, which makes it difficult for extended root systems to grow, and water to drain and support a wide variety of plant life.
The Arctic is mostly an ocean surrounded by land. The Arctic is relatively covered by water, much of it is frozen. The glaciers and icebergs in the Arctic make up about 10% of Earth's land area. Most of the Arctic's liquid saltwater is from the Arctic Ocean's basin. Some parts of the ocean's surface are frozen all or most of the year.
In marine systems, ocean currents have a key role determining which areas are effective as habitats, since ocean currents transport the basic nutrients needed to support marine life. [17] Plankton are the life forms that inhabit the ocean that are so small (less than 2 mm) that they cannot effectively propel themselves through the water, but ...
Many have adapted to live on the substrate (bottom). In their habitats they can be considered as dominant creatures, but they are often a source of prey for Carcharhinidae such as the lemon shark. [11] Because light does not penetrate very deep into ocean-water, the energy source for the benthic ecosystem is often marine snow.