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In particular, authoritative parenting is positively related to mental health and satisfaction with life, and authoritarian parenting is negatively related to these variables. [20] With authoritarian and permissive parenting on opposite sides of the spectrum, most conventional modern models of parenting fall somewhere in between. [21]
Father and children reading. According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are defined as specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which ...
The psychologist conducted extensive interviews with both child and parent, observing them for hours and analyzing her data to identify three distinct parenting styles: authoritative parenting ...
Authoritative: this parenting style is characterized by high demandingness with huge responsiveness. The authoritative parent is firm but not rigid, willing to make an exception when the situation warrants. The authoritative parent is responsive to the child's needs but not indulgent. Baumrind makes it clear that she favors the authoritative style.
Compared to children raised using the authoritative style, preschool girls raised in permissive families are less assertive. [156] Additionally, preschool children of both sexes are less cognitively competent than those children raised under authoritative parenting styles. [156]
A study published in July found that over 40% of self-identified gentle parents teeter toward burnout and self-doubt because of the pressure to meet parenting standards.
It is a construct that relates to both psychological phenomena and to the human body's physiological state as a parent or caretaker of a child. [2] Such effects can be exacerbated when the child has complex care needs such as physical, developmental, emotional or behavioural needs. [3] [4] [5] [6]
[2] [8] Not only does the book study child-bearing across cultures, it also looks into the power that biomedical technology holds in the healthcare field. [8] [9] Throughout the collection of essays, the twenty-three authors use authoritative knowledge as a theme to explore the ways it is evidenced and implemented in several different cultures ...