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In general, if the nature of the population distribution is known a priori, it is possible to test if the number of outliers deviate significantly from what can be expected: for a given cutoff (so samples fall beyond the cutoff with probability p) of a given distribution, the number of outliers will follow a binomial distribution with parameter ...
The "68–95–99.7 rule" is often used to quickly get a rough probability estimate of something, given its standard deviation, if the population is assumed to be normal. It is also used as a simple test for outliers if the population is assumed normal, and as a normality test if the population is potentially not normal.
Thomsen identified that three parameters were needed to perform the calculation: the number of observation pairs (N), the number of outliers to be removed (n), and the number of regression parameters (e.g., coefficients) used in the curve-fitting to get the residuals (m).
The sample maximum and minimum are the least robust statistics: they are maximally sensitive to outliers.. This can either be an advantage or a drawback: if extreme values are real (not measurement errors), and of real consequence, as in applications of extreme value theory such as building dikes or financial loss, then outliers (as reflected in sample extrema) are important.
The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4] The parameters used are:
Thousands of Americans have shed their blood and given up their lives preserving democracy around the world. We need to continually hear the voices of the silent majority.
The idea behind Chauvenet's criterion finds a probability band that reasonably contains all n samples of a data set, centred on the mean of a normal distribution.By doing this, any data point from the n samples that lies outside this probability band can be considered an outlier, removed from the data set, and a new mean and standard deviation based on the remaining values and new sample size ...
Image credits: GerbilFeces #11. Did this by accident the other day. Outside having a smoke and made eye contact with a girl who lives in my apartment block. Start chatting about normal stuff.