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Rachel Armstrong's’ work investigates a new approach to building materials called ‘living architecture,’ which explores the idea of buildings sharing some of the properties of living systems. [1] Armstrong describes experimental architecture to be about challenging the practice of upholding previous principles of architecture that emerged ...
Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is a Pennsylvania corporation incorporated in 1891. [2] It is an international designer and manufacturer of wall and ceiling building materials. Based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, AWI has a global manufacturing network of 26 facilities, including nine plants dedicated to its WAVE joint venture. [3]
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
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A cost database includes the electronic equivalent of a cost book, or cost reference book, a tool used by estimators for many years. Cost books may be internal records at a particular company or agency, [1] or they may be commercially published books on the open market. AEC teams and federal agencies can and often do collect internally sourced ...
Building Materials - P.C. Varghese - Google Books; Architectural Building Materials - Salvan, George S. - Google Books; Durability of Building Materials and Components 8: Service Life and Asset Management - Michael A. Lacasse, Dana J. Vanier - Google Books; Durability of Building Materials and Components - J. M. Baker - Google Books
A. Weighted value basis One method for determining VOWD for major equipment is based on weighted values of items of equipment. At the outset of the project a list of equipment is prepared, and the weighted (%) value of each piece of equipment, with the sum of the weighted values of all items totaling 100%.
This involves reviewing the project's plans and specifications to produce a take-off or quantity survey, which is a listing of all the materials and items of work required for a construction project by the construction documents. Together with prices for these components, the measured quantities are the basis for calculation of the direct cost.