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Served as General Secretary from 11 March 1985 [52] and resigned on 24 August 1991, [55] [b] Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1 October [51] 1988 until the office was renamed to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet on 25 May 1989 to 15 March 1990 [52] and President of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990 [56] to 25 December ...
Under the 1924, 1936 and 1977 Soviet Constitutions these bodies served as the collective head of state of the Soviet Union. [1] The chairman of these bodies personally performed the largely ceremonial functions assigned to a single head of state [2] but was provided little real power by the constitution. The Soviet Union was established in 1922 ...
He withdrew troops from the Soviet–Afghan War and embarked on summits with United States president Ronald Reagan to limit nuclear weapons and end the Cold War. Domestically, his policy of glasnost ("openness") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press , while his perestroika ("restructuring") sought to decentralize economic decision ...
Vice President: Acting president during the 1993 constitutional crisis. His powers were not recognized by Boris Yeltsin. Viktor Chernomyrdin Виктор Черномырдин 1938–2010 (aged 72) 5–6 November 1996 Prime Minister: Acting president during Boris Yeltsin's heart surgery. Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 ...
In the USSR, during the eleven-year period from the death of Joseph Stalin (1953) to the political ouster of Nikita Khrushchev (1964), the national politics were dominated by the Cold War, including the U.S.–USSR struggle for the global spread of their respective socio-economic systems and ideology, and the defense of hegemonic spheres of ...
The Cold War from 1979 to 1985, was a late phase of the Cold War marked by a sharp increase in hostility between the Soviet Union and the West. It arose from a strong denunciation of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979.
World map of alliances in 1970 The 1975 Apollo-Soyuz space rendez-vous, one of the attempts at cooperation between the US and the USSR during the détenteThe Cold War (1962–1979) refers to the phase within the Cold War that spanned the period between the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis in late October 1962, through the détente period beginning in 1969, to the end of détente in the ...
The idea of the institution of a sole head of state (instead of collegial leadership) first appeared during the preparation of the draft 1936 Soviet Constitution.However, at the suggestion of the informal first person of the USSR, Joseph Stalin, who could compete with the official head of state, the idea was rejected.