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Clayton and Byrd write that there have been two periods of health reform specifically addressing the correction of race-based health disparities. The first period (1865–1872) was linked to Freedmen's Bureau legislation and the second (1965–1975) was a part of the Civil Rights Movement .
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unequal impact on different racial and ethnic groups in the United States, resulting in new disparities of health outcomes as well as exacerbating existing health and economic disparities. The pandemic struck the United States in March 2020, causing almost 2 million known cases by June 1, 2020. [1]
Race and health refers to how being identified with a specific race influences health. Race is a complex concept that has changed across chronological eras and depends on both self-identification and social recognition. [1] In the study of race and health, scientists organize people in racial categories depending on different factors such as ...
The tendency among health professionals has been to explain unequal health outcomes on either genetics or economic conditions, according to the study's authors. Should racism and discrimination be ...
Black women over 40 years old have the highest risk of pregnancy-related deaths of any group, at 192 deaths per 100,000 live births. [74] Cardiomyopathy, thrombotic pulmonary embolism, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy accounted for disproportionately more maternal deaths for Black women then white women. [ 75 ]
Infant deaths are rare in the U.S., and the reasons for poor outcomes are unclear. Black-white disparities exist in fertility medicine, reflected in life-and-death outcomes for babies, according ...
Racial trauma, or race-based traumatic stress, is the cumulative effects of racism on an individual’s mental and physical health. [1] It has been observed in numerous BIPOC communities and people of all ages, including young children. [2] [3] Racial trauma can be experienced vicariously or directly.
It revealed that only 4.5% of the case studies mentioned a racial or ethnic background of the patient and when the patient was black or had "potentially unfavorable characteristics" race or ethnicity was more likely to be identified. There was also a greater prevalence of health-related themes discussed when race or ethnicity was identified.